Water pollution is one of the leading environmental issues that the world is facing today. It occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds. These pollutants come from various sources such as industrial waste, sewage, agricultural runoff, and marine dumping. They can cause serious damage to the ecosystem, human health, and water resources. The most common types of water pollutants include organic matter, heavy metals, nitrogen, and phosphorus. These pollutants can cause oxygen depletion in aquatic systems, interrupting the food chain and destroying habitat for wildlife. Long-term exposure to these substances may also cause serious health risks to humans including cancer, liver and kidney diseases, and birth defects. The consequences of water pollution are far-reaching and must be addressed at all levels. Governments must regulate the proper disposal of waste and ensure that all industries and operations limit the amount of pollutants released into water systems. Local communities can also take action to reduce water pollution by reducing water usage, picking up after pets, and avoiding overfertilizing gardens. Lastly, individuals can take simple steps to conserve water and reduce runoff by disposing of hazardous materials and chemicals properly and limiting the use of fertilizers. Water pollution is a global problem that demands immediate attention. Taking action now is essential to protecting our waters and preserving the health and safety of all.